Figure 2. NMR spectrum of glufosinate-ammonium

Product Applications

As an efficient non-selective herbicide, the main applications of glufosinate-ammonium cover several key areas:

★ Genetically Modified Crops: Glufosinate-ammonium is an ideal herbicide for many glufosinate-resistant genetically modified crops, such as glufosinate-resistant soybeans, corn, and rice.

★ Field Management: The application of glufosinate-ammonium in fields helps to eliminate a wide range of weed species, including those that are difficult to control with traditional methods, such as Alopecurus myosuroides and Poa annua, thus creating more favorable conditions for crop growth.

★ Orchard Maintenance: The use of glufosinate-ammonium in orchards can reduce the consumption of nutrients by weeds, ensuring that fruit trees receive adequate nutrition, thereby increasing fruit yield and quality.

★ Forest Vegetation Management: The application of glufosinate-ammonium in forest management helps to suppress weed growth, protect trees from the negative effects of weeds, and promote the healthy growth of forests.

Application Example (Literature Analysis)

In the article "Precision editing of GLR1 confers glufosinate resistance without yield penalty in rice" published in the "Plant Biotechnology Journal" in 2023, researchers successfully cultivated a glufosinate-resistant rice variety without reducing crop yield by precisely editing the GLR1 gene.

★ Research Methods

• Mutant Screening: Researchers first screened for two glufosinate-resistant mutants, glr1 and glr2, from rice varieties through heavy ion beam treatment and glufosinate screening.
• Physiological Index Measurement: The glr1 mutant was selected for glufosinate treatment, and physiological indices such as survival rate, chlorophyll content, plant length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured.
• Molecular Biology Analysis: The function of the GLR1 gene and its role in glufosinate resistance were studied through quantitative PCR, gene editing, and genetic complementation.
• Gene Editing: The GLR1 gene was precisely edited using CRISPR-Cas9 technology to verify its role in glufosinate resistance.

★ Research Results

• Resistance Verification: The glr1 mutant showed significant resistance to glufosinate, with a resistance index (RI) of 2.1, much higher than the wild type.
• Physiological Index Improvement: After glufosinate treatment, the physiological indices of the glr1 mutant, such as survival rate and chlorophyll content, were superior to the wild type.
• Molecular Mechanism: The content of ammonia, H2O2, and MDA in the glr1 mutant was significantly lower than in the wild type, indicating a better ability to clear toxic substances caused by glufosinate.
• Gene Function: The GLR1 gene encodes an ARF family transcription factor that suppresses the expression of genes such as OsGS1, OsCYP51G3, and OsCATA by binding to their promoter regions, thus affecting glufosinate resistance.

★ Research Conclusion

By precisely editing the GLR1 gene, it is possible to cultivate a glufosinate-resistant rice variety without affecting its yield.

★ Experimental Section Image Display