Introduction
Antibiotics refer to a class of secondary metabolites with anti-pathogen or other activities produced by microorganisms (including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) or higher animals and plants in the process of life.
Fig1. Discovery and development of antibiotics
Mechanism
The bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect of antibiotics is mainly aimed at killing the mechanism that "bacteria have but humans (or other animals and plants) do not"。
Application
1)Screening of stably transfected cell linesThe most common application of antibiotics in molecular biology experiments is to screen and maintain cultured prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells carrying resistance genes.The corresponding resistance gene is introduced into the cell by gene recombination technology, so that it can acquire the drug resistance of the resistance gene, so as to achieve the purpose of screening or maintaining growth.
Screening of stably transfected cell lines |
|
Screen for antibiotics |
Most Common Screening Uses |
Puromycin |
Eukaryotes and Bacteria |
Blasticidin S (Blasticidin) |
Eukaryotes and Bacteria |
G418 Sulfate (Geneticin) |
eukaryotes |
Hygromycin B |
Dual Screening Experiments and Eukaryotes |
Aureobasidin A (AbA) |
yeast |
2) Cell culture
Cell contamination is almost an inevitable problem encountered in the process of cell culture. Bacteria and fungi are extremely common pollutants in cell culture experiments. Antibiotics can be used in cell culture experiments to prevent or treat cell contamination by fungi and bacteria.
Commonly used antibiotics for cell culture |
|
Commonly used antibiotics for cell culture |
Types of Pollutants Controlled |
Penicillin |
Gram-positive bacteria |
Streptomycin |
Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria |
Gentamicin |
Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Mycoplasma |
Amphotericin B |
Gram-positive bacteria, yeast, fungi |
Nystatin |
Yeasts, fungi |
3) Plant protectant
Fungi and bacteria can cause a variety of plant diseases. Another broad application of antibiotics is as plant protection agents. At a certain dose concentration, it is used alone or in combination to protect plants from the harm of pathogenic infection.
4) Animal intestinal flora research
Animal gastrointestinal microbes can participate in a variety of host metabolic processes and play a crucial role in maintaining the body's healthy homeostasis. Specific types of antibiotics can interfere or regulate the number, types and activities of animal intestinal flora, so as to study the impact of changes in intestinal microorganisms on certain metabolic processes.
Product usage advice
Antibiotics are physiologically active substances, and various antibiotics usually act on pathogenic bacteria at very low concentrations, but the specific working concentration needs to be changed according to cell type, medium, growth conditions, cell metabolic rate and experimental purpose. Therefore, it is recommended to establish a kill curve, that is, a dose-response curve, to determine the optimal screening concentration for the experimental system used for the first time.
Antibiotic name |
Cat# |
Molecular Weight |
Gram-positive bacteria |
Gram-negative bacteria |
Mycobacterium |
Fungi |
Mycoplasma |
Preparation method |
Storage Concentration (mg/mL) |
Storage Conditions |
Reference working concentration (μg/mL) |
Ampicillin sodium salt |
60203ES |
371.39 |
++ |
++ |
|
|
|
Soluble in sterile water |
100 |
-20°C dispense |
50-100 |
Carbenicillin disodium salt |
60202ES |
422.4 |
+ |
++ |
|
|
|
Soluble in sterile water |
50 |
-20°C dispense |
0.1-30 |
kanamycin sulfate |
60206ES |
582.58 |
+ |
+ |
|
|
+ |
Soluble in sterile water |
10 |
-20°C dispense |
30-100 |
Chloramphenicol |
60205ES |
323.13 |
++ |
++ |
+ |
|
+ |
Soluble in absolute ethanol |
50 |
-20°C dispense |
5-20 |
streptomycin sulfate |
60211ES |
1457.38 |
++ |
++ |
|
|
|
Soluble in sterile water |
50 |
-20°C dispense |
10-50 |
Tetracycline hydrochloride |
60212ES |
480.90 |
++ |
++ |
|
|
|
Soluble in sterile water |
5-10 |
-20°C, aliquoted and protected from light |
5-10 |
Puromycin hydrochloride |
60210ES |
544.43 |
++ |
|
|
|
|
Soluble in sterile water or methanol |
50 (sterile water) 10 (methanol) |
-20℃ dry |
Mammalian cells: 1-10 E. coli: 125 |
Rifampicin |
60234ES |
822.94 |
++ |
++ |
++ |
|
|
Soluble in DMSO |
50 |
-20°C, aliquoted and protected from light |
10-50 |
Timentin |
60230ES |
/ |
|
++ |
|
|
|
Soluble in sterile water |
200 |
-20°C dispense |
200 |
G418 Geneticin |
60220ES |
692.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
Soluble in sterile water |
/ |
-20°C, aliquoted and protected from light |
Mammalian cells: 200-2000 Plant cells: 10-100 Yeast cells: 500-1000 |
Hygromycin B |
60225ES |
527.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
Dissolved in 1x PBS (PH 7.4) |
50 |
-20°C dispense |
Mammalian cells: 50-500 bacteria/plant cells: 20-200 fungi: 300-1000 |
Amphotericin B |
60238ES |
924.1 |
|
|
|
++ |
|
Soluble in sterile water |
/ |
-20°C, aliquoted and protected from light |
2.5 |
Gentamicin sulfate salt |
60214ES |
575.67 |
+ |
++ |
|
|
++ |
Soluble in sterile water |
/ |
-20°C dispense |
Inhibition of bacterial contamination: 0.5 - 50 Screening for resistance genes: 15 |
Yeasen product performance
At present, the quality of antibiotic products on the market is uneven, and Yisheng Bio is dedicated to provide you with a complete range of antibiotic products.
(1) High-quality raw materials, all antibiotic product raw materials are sourced from high-quality fixed suppliers;
(2) Standardized production, using factory mass production mode;
(3) Wide range of applications, which can be used in the fields of molecular biology and biochemical experimental research of tissue culture;
(4) The cooperation platform covers the whole;
(5) To ensure product quality stability, the difference between batches is controlled within 1%, as shown in Figure 3:
Fig 2. Stability test and effective concentration confirmation between different batches of Geneticin
【Note】G69 and G99 are different batches; the concentration of Geneticin is 8 mg/L, 12 mg/L, and 16 mg/L in turn, and the lowest effective concentration is determined to be 16 mg/L, which can perfectly inhibit miscellaneous bacteria. growth, the performance of the two batches was consistent.
Customer case
Fig 3. Colony growth of E. coli on hygromycin-resistant plates with different concentrations, Yeasen and brand S* have the same effect
【Note】A-C areYeasen hygromycin 20 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml plates, D-F are brand S* hygromycin 20 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml plates.
Ordering product
1.Antibiotics for Screening of Stably Transduced Cell Lines
product name |
Cat# |
Size |
Puromycin |
60210ES25/60/72/76/80 |
25 /100 /250/500mg/1g |
Puromycin(Solution 10 mg/mL) |
60209ES60/76/77 |
10×1/50×1/1×50 mL |
Phleomycin (20 mg/ml in solution) |
60217ES20/60 |
20/5×20 mg |
Blasticidin S |
60218ES10/50 |
10/5×10 mg |
G418 Sulfate (Geneticin) |
60220ES03/08 |
1/5 g |
Hygromycin B (50 mg/ml) |
60224ES03 |
1 g (20 ml) |
Hygromycin B |
60225ES03/10 |
1/10 g |
Aureobasidin A (AbA) |
60231ES03/08 |
1/5×1 mg |
2.Commonly used antibiotics
product name |
Cat# |
Size |
Penicillin-Streptomycin (100×), Suitable for Cell Culture |
60162ES76 |
100 mL |
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride |
60201ES25/60 |
25/100 g |
Carbenicillin, Disodium Salt |
60202ES08/25 |
5/25 g |
Ampicillin, Sodium Salt |
60203ES10/60 |
10/100 g |
Doxycycline hyclate |
60204ES03/08 |
1/5 g |
Chloramphenicol, USP |
60205ES08/25 |
5/25 g |
Kanamycin Sulfate |
60206ES10/60 |
10/100 g |
Neomycin Sulfate |
60207ES25/60 |
25/100 g |
Penicillin G, Sodium Salt |
60208ES25/60 |
25/100 g |
Streptomycin Sulfate |
60211ES25/60 |
25/100 g |
Tetracyclin HCl |
60212ES25/60 |
25/100 g |
Vancomycin Hydrochloride |
60213ES60/80 |
100 mg/1 g |
Gentamycin Sulfate Salt |
60214ES03/08 |
1/5 g |
Spectinomycin Hydrochloride |
60215ES08 |
5 g |
Cefotaxime Sodium Salt |
60226ES03/08 |
1/5 g |
Rifampicin |
60234ES03/08 |
1/5 g |
Amphotericin B |
60238ES01/03 |
100 mg/1 g |
Published articles with our reagents
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