2. Advantages of the DSS UC Model

👍 1. The protocols are easy to be implemented.

👍 2. The DSS UC model closely resembles human UC symptoms with high repeatability.

👍 3. Various characteristic symptoms can be induced by controlling the administrated DSS dose, which was unique for the DSS UC model.

👍 4. The DSS UC model can be generated with a variety of widely used model animals, such as mice, rats, zebrafish, pigs, fruit flies, etc.

👍 5. The IBD-induced colitis-associated cancer (CAC) model can be created with the combined use of azoxymethane (AOM).

 

3. DSS UC model construction example

3.1 Mouse model(Click for details)

1) BALB/c mice, female, 6-8 weeks, 25 g;

2) Sterile drinking water with 3% DSS, and filter with a 0.22 μm membrane;

3) DSS was administrated for 7 days;

4) Inflammation, such as colon edema and congestion, was observed after HE staining.

Fig.2 HE staining results of DSS acute colitis sections ^[1]

3.2 Zebrafish model(Click for details)

1) Zebrafish embryos were obtained from natural spawning and raised until 1 day post fertilization (dpf) in an incubator at 28.5℃ in recirculating water (60 μg/mL instant ocean sea salts) and supplemented with methylene blue up to 1 dpf;

2) After 1 dpf, use E3 embryo culture medium without methylene blue to culture to 3 dpf;

3) Prepare 10% DSS storage solution with E3 medium;

4) Dilute DSS with culture medium to the maximum non-lethal dose (DSS concentration reference: 0.5%);

5) The zebrafish were treated with 0.5% DSS from 3 dpf to 6 dpf, and the indexes were observed.

Fig.3 DSS induces an inflammatory response in zebrafish liver ^[2]

3.3 Pig model(Click for details)

1) Yorkshire piglets at age of 4-5 days;

2) DSS dose: 1.25g/kg, oral intake for 5 days;

3) Increased D-mannitol uptake rate was observed.

Fig.4 DSS-induced D-mannitol concentration in piglets was higher than that in the control group ^[3]

3.4 Drosophila model(Click for details)

1) Drosophila, female, 5-10 days;

2) Feeding medium was prepared with 5% sucrose solution containing 3% DSS and 25 μg/mL bleomycin;

3) Drosophila was cultured at 29°C for three days with a daily change of culture bottle;

4) DSS induced the proliferation of ISC precursor cells and had a lethal effect on drosophila.

Fig.5 DSS induces the proliferation of ISC precursor cells in Drosophila ^[4].

3.5 Colitis associated cancer(Click for details)

1)BALB/c mice, male,7 weeks old;

2)On day 1, weigh and mark mice. Inject mice intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg AOM solution.

3) Fill the drinking supply of the mouse cages with water. Calculate 7-10 mL water per mouse per day. Feeding for one week.

4) Replace drinking water with 2.5% DSS for one week;

5) Feed with regular drinking water for two weeks;

6) Repeat steps 3-4 for 3 times.

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of CAC induced by AOM/DSS ^[5] .

            

4. Modelling success evaluation criteria

4.1 Disease Activity Index (DAI score)

The model was evaluated with multiple parameters including body weight, fecal viscosity, and occult blood, through which generates the overall DAI.

 

Table 2 DAI scoring rules

4.2 Histological Change Score

The scores were given for the above indicators based on the histological changes excluding the lymph node formation for the acute colitis model. The HE staining reagent used is Cat#60524ES60.

 

Table 3 Histological change score

4.3 Colon length

The shortened colon length was an obvious phenotype for the chronic colitis model, while similar changes can be detected on day 8 for the acute colitis model.

4.4 Summary

Preliminary experiments are recommended for using the DSS UC animal model with appropriate control. 8-10 animals per group are minimal requirements. DAI is the criteria to evaluate the results from a preliminary study.

 

5. Links to this resource

[1]Xiaona Gao, et al. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 83 (2020) 108438.
[2]Jing Ma, et al. Aquaculture and Fisheries (2021) 548–557.
[3]Connie J. Kim, et al. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 21 (2010) 468–475.
[4]Fangfang Ren,et al.PNAS.2010.107 (49) 21064-21069.
[5]Jia-Rong Huang, et al.Frontiers in Pharmacology.2020.11:586885.

 

6. Successful case for modeling with Yeasen DSS

Successful acute colitis models are generated with Yeasen DSS (Cat#60316ES, MW: 36000~50000) in 7 days with prominent phenotype as shown in the following table.

Table 4 Construction of different types of enteritis models with DSS

 

7. FAQs

Regardless of the acute DSS colitis model or chronic DSS colitis model, the severity and success of enteritis are related to mouse species (different genetic backgrounds), DSS concentration, and dosing cycle.

Table 5 Common problems of DSS colitis modeling

 

8. Product order:

Hot-selling product only needs 1/3 of the price of M* with the same efficiency, and we keep a large stock.

 

Table 6 Product Order

Product Name	Cat NO.	Size
Dextran sulfate sodium salt for modeling colitis MW: 36000~50000	60316ES25	25g
	60316ES60	100 g
	60316ES76	500 g
	60316ES80	1 kg

9. Published articles with our reagents: